Diabetes is a complex condition that affects millions of people, but there’s more to it than just high blood sugar. Beyond the basics, here are 10 lesser-known facts about diabetes that might surprise you.
Many people with type 2 diabetes don’t realize they have it until complications arise. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which has sudden and severe symptoms, type 2 can develop slowly, with symptoms so mild they go unnoticed. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 8.5 million U.S. adults have undiagnosed diabetes. Regular screening is crucial, especially if you have risk factors like obesity or a family history.
Darkened skin patches, especially around the neck, armpits, or groin, could be a sign of insulin resistance. This condition, called acanthosis nigricans, often appears before a diabetes diagnosis and signals that the body is struggling to use insulin properly. A study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that acanthosis nigricans is more common in individuals with obesity and prediabetes.
CGMs are small wearable devices that track blood sugar levels in real time without finger pricks. These devices provide valuable insights into how food, exercise, and stress affect glucose levels, helping people with diabetes make more informed decisions. A 2021 study in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics found that CGM use led to better glucose control and reduced hypoglycemia episodes in adults with type 2 diabetes.
While insulin pumps are commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, some people with type 2 diabetes also use them. These small, programmable devices deliver insulin continuously, reducing the need for multiple daily injections and improving blood sugar control. Research in Diabetes Care suggests that insulin pump therapy can help some individuals with type 2 diabetes achieve better glycemic control than traditional insulin injections.
Living with diabetes can increase the risk of depression and anxiety. Blood sugar fluctuations can impact mood, and the daily burden of managing the condition can be overwhelming. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), people with diabetes are two to three times more likely to experience depression than those without the condition, yet fewer than half receive treatment.
Artificial sweeteners and sugar substitutes are widely used, but some may still impact blood sugar levels. Sugar alcohols like maltitol can cause blood sugar spikes, while others like stevia and erythritol have minimal effects. A study in Nature found that some artificial sweeteners may alter gut bacteria and potentially lead to glucose intolerance, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring.
Many people don’t realize that diabetes can affect hearing. High blood sugar can damage small blood vessels and nerves in the inner ear, leading to hearing loss. A 2019 meta-analysis published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery found that adults with diabetes have a 30% higher risk of hearing loss compared to those without diabetes.
Many people with diabetes experience high blood sugar in the morning due to the “dawn phenomenon.” This occurs when the body releases hormones like cortisol and growth hormone overnight, increasing insulin resistance and leading to higher glucose levels in the morning. The ADA suggests adjusting nighttime insulin doses or eating a small protein-based snack before bed to help manage morning spikes.
Cold temperatures can cause blood sugar to rise because the body produces more glucose to stay warm. Insulin absorption may also slow down in colder weather, making it harder to maintain stable levels. A study in Diabetes & Metabolism found that people with diabetes tend to have higher A1C levels in winter compared to summer, indicating seasonal fluctuations in glucose control.
Advancements in diabetes management, such as CGMs, insulin pumps, and smartphone apps, are helping people control their blood sugar more effectively. A 2022 study in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology highlighted that diabetes education programs, when combined with technology, significantly reduce A1C levels and improve long-term health outcomes.
Diabetes is more than just managing blood sugar levels—it affects the entire body in ways many don’t realize. Staying informed about the latest advancements in diabetes care, recognizing early signs, and using new technologies can help improve quality of life.
Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) have revolutionized diabetes management by providing real-time insights into blood glucose levels. Understanding Medicare’s coverage for these devices is essential for beneficiaries seeking to optimize their diabetes care.
Medicare Part B classifies both therapeutic and non-therapeutic CGMs as durable medical equipment (DME), making them eligible for coverage¹. Medicare’s coverage extends to CGMs that meet specific criteria to ensure they are medically necessary and beneficial for managing diabetes².
To qualify for CGM coverage under Medicare, beneficiaries must:
As of July 1, 2022, Medicare mandates that all CGMs billed under Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes E2102 and E2103 undergo review by the Pricing, Data Analysis, and Coding (PDAC) contractor. These devices must be listed on the Product Classification List (PCL) to ensure correct coding and eligibility for coverage⁴.
Medicare does not cover CGMs intended solely for short-term diagnostic use, typically ranging from 72 hours to one week⁴.
Medicare provides reimbursement for CGM-related services, with rates varying based on specific procedures and services rendered³. Proper documentation is crucial—while Medicare previously required evidence of at least four daily blood glucose tests to qualify for CGM coverage, this posed challenges since Medicare typically covered only three test strips per day for insulin-treated beneficiaries³.
Additionally, ensuring that the CGM device is correctly coded and listed on the PDAC’s Product Classification List is essential to avoid claim denials⁴.
In 2023, Medicare made significant changes to CGM coverage. Notably, the requirement for frequent fingerstick testing was removed, and coverage was expanded to include individuals with a history of problematic hypoglycemia, even if they are not on insulin therapy⁵.
As of April 16, 2023, Medicare now covers CGMs for beneficiaries who:
These updates aim to enhance access to CGMs, improving diabetes management for a broader group of beneficiaries⁵.
Medicare’s coverage for CGMs offers beneficiaries advanced tools for effective diabetes management. By understanding the eligibility criteria, staying updated on policy changes, and ensuring proper documentation, beneficiaries can maximize the benefits of CGM technology.
Disclaimer: Medicare policies and coverage criteria are subject to change. For the most current information, consult the official Medicare website (medicare.gov) or speak directly with a Medicare representative.
Managing diabetes through diet is one of the most effective ways to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications. But what are the best foods for diabetes, and how can you make diabetes-friendly meals without sacrificing taste?
Here are 15 science-backed diabetes diet hacks to help you lower blood sugar naturally and maintain better glucose control every day.
One of the best meal planning tips for diabetes is to prioritize non-starchy vegetables like leafy greens, bell peppers, cucumbers, and carrots. These foods are low in carbohydrates and high in fiber, which helps stabilize blood sugar levels and improve digestion.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) recommends eating at least two to three servings of non-starchy vegetables per meal to help with diabetes management.
Swapping white bread, pasta, and rice for whole grains like brown rice, quinoa, and steel-cut oats can significantly improve blood sugar control. Whole grains have a lower glycemic index, meaning they digest slower and cause fewer blood sugar spikes.
According to UpToDate, a high-fiber diet with whole grains reduces insulin resistance and improves overall glucose metabolism.
Eating lean protein like chicken, fish, tofu, eggs, and legumes helps stabilize blood sugar levels and keeps you full longer, preventing cravings. Unlike high-carb meals, protein does not cause rapid blood sugar fluctuations.
The NIDDK suggests pairing lean proteins with healthy carbs (such as beans with whole grains) to create a balanced diabetes diet.
Nuts like almonds, walnuts, and pistachios are packed with healthy fats and fiber, making them a great snack for people with diabetes. Studies show that nuts can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation.
However, portion control is key—stick to one ounce per serving to avoid excess calories. According to The National Library of Medicine nuts and seeds are a crucial part of a diabetes-friendly diet.
Studies show that following a plant-based diet can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and help those already diagnosed manage blood sugar levels more effectively. Foods like lentils, chickpeas, spinach, and avocados provide fiber-rich nutrition without causing glucose spikes.
A study on plant-based diets found that eating more whole plant foods reduces inflammation and supports better insulin function.
Cinnamon has been linked to improved insulin sensitivity and lower fasting blood sugar levels. Adding just ½ to 1 teaspoon daily to foods like oatmeal, yogurt, or coffee can help support healthy glucose levels.
According to the NIH, cinnamon for blood sugar control is a natural remedy that can complement a diabetes-friendly diet.
Eating large amounts of processed meats like bacon, sausage, and deli meats has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. These foods contain saturated fats and preservatives that may impair insulin function.
A Harvard Health study found that swapping processed meats for lean proteins or plant-based protein sources reduces diabetes risk factors.
Overeating—even healthy foods—can lead to higher blood sugar levels. Using smaller plates, pre-portioning meals, and eating mindfully can help prevent blood sugar spikes and support better diabetes management.
The Mayo Clinic recommends focusing on balanced portions with protein, fiber, and healthy fats to keep blood sugar stable.
Not all fruits are created equal for diabetes management. Low-glycemic fruits like blueberries, strawberries, apples, and pears have a slower impact on blood sugar than high-sugar fruits like bananas and pineapples.
According to Medline Plus, including low-GI fruits in your diet can help regulate post-meal blood sugar levels.
Dehydration can cause higher blood sugar levels, as the body struggles to flush out excess glucose. Drinking at least 8 glasses of water daily supports better glucose regulation and helps prevent dehydration-related spikes.
The Mayo Clinic highlights water’s role in diabetes management, recommending it as the best sugar-free beverage choice.
Making these simple diet changes can help lower blood sugar naturally, reduce insulin resistance, and support long-term diabetes control. Whether you’re newly diagnosed or looking to refine your eating habits, focusing on whole foods, fiber-rich meals, and portion control can make a significant difference.