Diabetes is a complex condition that affects millions of people, but there’s more to it than just high blood sugar. Beyond the basics, here are 10 lesser-known facts about diabetes that might surprise you.
Many people with type 2 diabetes don’t realize they have it until complications arise. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which has sudden and severe symptoms, type 2 can develop slowly, with symptoms so mild they go unnoticed. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 8.5 million U.S. adults have undiagnosed diabetes. Regular screening is crucial, especially if you have risk factors like obesity or a family history.
Darkened skin patches, especially around the neck, armpits, or groin, could be a sign of insulin resistance. This condition, called acanthosis nigricans, often appears before a diabetes diagnosis and signals that the body is struggling to use insulin properly. A study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that acanthosis nigricans is more common in individuals with obesity and prediabetes.
CGMs are small wearable devices that track blood sugar levels in real time without finger pricks. These devices provide valuable insights into how food, exercise, and stress affect glucose levels, helping people with diabetes make more informed decisions. A 2021 study in Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics found that CGM use led to better glucose control and reduced hypoglycemia episodes in adults with type 2 diabetes.
While insulin pumps are commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, some people with type 2 diabetes also use them. These small, programmable devices deliver insulin continuously, reducing the need for multiple daily injections and improving blood sugar control. Research in Diabetes Care suggests that insulin pump therapy can help some individuals with type 2 diabetes achieve better glycemic control than traditional insulin injections.
Living with diabetes can increase the risk of depression and anxiety. Blood sugar fluctuations can impact mood, and the daily burden of managing the condition can be overwhelming. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), people with diabetes are two to three times more likely to experience depression than those without the condition, yet fewer than half receive treatment.
Artificial sweeteners and sugar substitutes are widely used, but some may still impact blood sugar levels. Sugar alcohols like maltitol can cause blood sugar spikes, while others like stevia and erythritol have minimal effects. A study in Nature found that some artificial sweeteners may alter gut bacteria and potentially lead to glucose intolerance, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring.
Many people don’t realize that diabetes can affect hearing. High blood sugar can damage small blood vessels and nerves in the inner ear, leading to hearing loss. A 2019 meta-analysis published in JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery found that adults with diabetes have a 30% higher risk of hearing loss compared to those without diabetes.
Many people with diabetes experience high blood sugar in the morning due to the “dawn phenomenon.” This occurs when the body releases hormones like cortisol and growth hormone overnight, increasing insulin resistance and leading to higher glucose levels in the morning. The ADA suggests adjusting nighttime insulin doses or eating a small protein-based snack before bed to help manage morning spikes.
Cold temperatures can cause blood sugar to rise because the body produces more glucose to stay warm. Insulin absorption may also slow down in colder weather, making it harder to maintain stable levels. A study in Diabetes & Metabolism found that people with diabetes tend to have higher A1C levels in winter compared to summer, indicating seasonal fluctuations in glucose control.
Advancements in diabetes management, such as CGMs, insulin pumps, and smartphone apps, are helping people control their blood sugar more effectively. A 2022 study in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology highlighted that diabetes education programs, when combined with technology, significantly reduce A1C levels and improve long-term health outcomes.
Diabetes is more than just managing blood sugar levels—it affects the entire body in ways many don’t realize. Staying informed about the latest advancements in diabetes care, recognizing early signs, and using new technologies can help improve quality of life.